The Netherlands in 2001 were 97 drug deaths in the Netherlands to complain.
(data from. National Causes of Death Statistics, Statistics Netherlands http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?nnodeid=435 on 05/17/2007)
The Dutch government announced in 2003 a total of approximately 2,186 million Euro for the drug policy. (Including 1646 million for law enforcement, 42 million for prevention, 287 million for treatment and 220 million for harm reduction)
(data from. National Causes of Death Statistics, Statistics Netherlands http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/?nnodeid=435 on 17/05/2007)
According to the statistics of the State Health Department number of known addicts in Amsterdam police since 1993, declined by one third from 7520 to 5018th The average age of addicts has increased significantly during which each year for a further year and is now at the 39th
(from http://www.drogen-aufklaerung.de/texte/sachtext/politik09.htm on 10.5.2007)
Source: The week of 08/09/2000)
drug policy
In contrast to the Austrian is the Dutch Drug policy as extremely liberal, both in terms of prosecution, as well as the number enshrined in the drug using social measures.
drug policy in the Netherlands found the same place as in Austria on 2 levels. On the one hand, on the basis of the Narcotics Act in the form of criminally sanctioned repressive intervention and the other in the form of social and health policies. This includes in particular the practice of prevention and drug treatment measures, such as counseling, therapy and methadone dispensing. This "twin track" model has its starting point in the protection of public health. The part of the fight against crime is the political aspect ago secondary. The main objective of Dutch drug policy is to bring the drug problem under control. to solve, is regarded as unrealistic. The war on drugs leads, in the opinion of the Dutch policy, not a solution but aggravate the problem.
The Dutch drug policy in the health policy area focuses primarily on enabling addicts to lead a decent life with drugs. Only in the secondary paths are searched in a doorway and a drug-free life. It is content to first order to minimize the social, health and psychosomatic damage caused by the addiction. Moreover, the latter policy is the stigmatization of addicts can be counteracted.
In the criminal area, the Dutch drug policy differs primarily by the division of drugs into substances with "unacceptably high" and those with "an acceptable degree of risk" Europe of many other countries. This distinction applies since 1976. Crimes that have to do with drugs, which are classified as having "unacceptable high degree of risk", these are all opiates, cocaine, ecstasy, and more. Are far more severely punished as crimes relating to drugs with "acceptable level of risk," under this classification fall exclusively all cannabis products belong. For example, the possession of up to 30g of cannabis is punishable as a misdemeanor and not order a criminal offense. However, makes the laws in the Netherlands is not a big difference to other European countries. It is all about the interpretation of laws by the courts. In Holland is the opportunity principle. This makes it possible by ministerial directives, which are regulated as priorities of law enforcement of drug offenses may be waived by a criminal prosecution. Made publicly available by the Ministry of Welfare in 1989 in a brochure:
"The prosecution can from prosecution of criminal acts Refrain when important public interests are at stake. Therefore, specific guidelines for the investigation and prosecution in connection with drug offenses were enacted. "
Also, the threats of maximum penalties for offenses against the law on drugs is much lower than for example in Austria.
Since the mid-90's, however, is years in the Netherlands to observe an increasingly becoming repressive drug policy. The protection of public policy is increasingly at the center. Even if it is other social problems such as prostitution, crime, and so often condemned, which need not necessarily have to do something with the drugs problem, it is in these Discussions but more often to calls for harsher penalties for drug users. Also, see the Netherlands are often faced with criticism from other Schengen member states, especially France, which is a uniform, repressive drug policies do for the EU.
The drug help system in the Netherlands were in the 70s and 80s, especially from small, privately owned, low-contact counseling services and shops that had the accepting drug work prescribed. In addition, there were a few major national institutions working in the direction of withdrawal, therapy and drug-free life. Over the last 10 years more and more of these small, alternative organizations is from the great. This resulted in 15 regional centers for addicts "who work in about 130 local offices throughout the Netherlands.
("drug policy": social work and social work in the Netherlands, Karl-Ernst H. Hesser (ed.), publisher of Social Affairs and Culture, Lucerne, 2000
pages 149-171, social work in the drug using, Franz Trautmann and Han Kuipers )
needle exchange
The needle exchange is a public health measure for people who use drugs intravenously. By exchanging used syringes for clean to the risk of injecting drug users become ill from infectious diseases is minimized. The constant use of sterile syringes reduces the risk of infection to zero.
Very long been known that the common use of contaminated syringes, the risk of contracting deadly infectious diseases such as hepatitis C increases drastically. But only with the spread of HIV in the early 80's the scope of the problem of the prohibition of syringes in public awareness was created. In October 1984, the share of intravenous drug users in the total number of reported AIDS cases in Europe, only 2% of all cases. After a year, in October 1985, the proportion was only 8%.
pioneer Amsterdam
The initiative to install the first syringe exchange program in Amsterdam in 1984 took the then trade association for the fixer, the "junkie Bond" (Fixed-Bund). supported by social workers, the association called for such a program, because a local pharmacy in the summer of 1984 stopped the sale of needles and syringes to about 200 Fixer due to numerous complaints from the surrounding area. The association feared that this would lead to a cessation of sales increase in the transmission of infectious diseases in the Fixer circles.
The Municipal Health Office (GG & GD) then bought large quantities of sterile needles and syringes provided, her once a week at the "junkie Bond" and adopted with the votes used syringes for proper disposal. At the beginning of the program in 1984 about a thousand were exchanged syringes per week. When the AIDS problem in 1985 assumed an alarming extent, done for other institutions to participate in this program. As a result, the options offered very often and made intensive use. The number of syringes exchanged increased from 100,000 in 1985 to 800,000 in 1989 to over one million in 1992. The mid-nineties, then decreased the number of syringes exchanged back to around 750,000 per year because the number of injecting drug users Amsterdam had become smaller ("needle exchange" from: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spritzentausch on 05/20/2007).
mfg, simon.
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