Condoleeza Rice Email

definition

in the German juvenile justice fall:

• Persons under 14 years (age at the time of the crime) Strafunmündig (criminal classified not held accountable)

of persons ( young ) from 14 to under 18 years under the Juvenile Court Act and Children and Youth Services Act

of persons ( adolescents ) between 18 and including 20 Age under the adult criminal , as · under the Youth Criminal

offense: ( practice , which is threatened by a Criminal Law with penalty )
youth Typical offenses:

statistics on youth crime

In 2006, 100 487 children, young people and 278 447 241 824 Adolescents identified as suspects in Germany (see chart).


















· on hand of Statistics ( Police Crime Statistics , Sentenced statistics, etc.) accurate scale of youth crime can not be established

· because of different billing periods / non-comparable data and other factors add

· dark field studies (empirical perpetrator and victim surveys) is the official brightfield.


the police recorded Crimes fall:

· robberies (especially shoplifting, bicycle and motorcycle thefts, robberies )
· bodily harm
· violations of narcotics laws
· property damage.

crimes such as libel , copyright violations and shoplifting are highly underreported because these problems can be detected. From 10
shoplifting will not be discovered according to the results of dark field research 9.

few factors leading to juvenile delinquency

Criminology investigated origin and manifestations of juvenile delinquency:

criminogenic factors

The development opportunities and the social environment influence the young people significantly.

causes of youth crime are in:

conduct disorder and the personality of the person concerned as a result of:

· difficulties in the family
· School or peer pressure
° Inadequate handling of conflicts
· performance pressure
· Error final frustration tolerance
· novelty seeking and / or bad future prospects


Other causes

· domestic violence experiences
· lack of qualifications
· archaic notions of masculinity and honor
• Uncertain legal status

These ideas are also considered as the result of write-ups about living in deprived areas: the criminality of young people with migration background.








overview of the incidence of offenses in

non-German youths German youth

assault offenses 29.5% 23%
robberies 22.9% 23%
property damage 18.9% 18.9%

The violence in adolescents with for instance, Turkish or Yugoslav origin is significantly higher


Time-limited portion of the youth crime

the adjustment process in the society is for young people often conflicted.


· Episode is not successful (limited to a stage in life) of youth crime

· largest part of the juvenile delinquents does not initiate a criminal career

· Change the motivation and the types of crime in adulthood


multiple or serial offenders

· small part (around 3 to 6 percent) the juvenile suspects is due to repeated commission of crimes
• Group multiple or serial offenders committed to investigations of the state police offices between 30 and 60% of the age group recorded crimes

young people with immigrant backgrounds often delinquent?

The suspects statistics show that the proportion of foreigners in 2005 with 22.5% for a foreign population in Germany of 8.8% is comparatively higher than the share of Deutsche suspects.

However, in the statistics on tourists and illegal, distort the results.

also Foreigners often live in cities and the average age is lower, which also increases the risk for young Germans to commit criminal acts.






controversies about the juvenile justice

resulting media coverage of individual cases:

· political debates about intensification of juvenile justice
· popular campaign topic

demand of the Hessian Minister President Roland Koch in an interview with IMAGE in January 2008:

· offender sentenced 18 to 21 years should not "before all are treated with understanding, education and regularly receive an open prison. "

chairman of the German Judges Association Christoph Frank:

· "The discussion flutters for human relationships, which does not exist. The formula: stricter penalties equal to greater deterrence equal less crime is just plain wrong. The policy would once again succumb to the temptation to abuse of the criminal law issues for bold messages. The issue is too serious but to be manipulated before elections ever again. "

said The German Bar Association :

· that it's credibility of policies not conducive if such patent remedies were all expressed just before elections.

CDU calls for "Wiesbaden Declaration" a "warning shot arrest":

· raising the maximum penalty for juvenile crime from ten to 15 years

· Consistent application of adult criminal law for all offenders over 18 years

· Faster deportation of criminal foreign . teenagers)

SPD referred to:

· warning shot arrest already possible

• FORD accelerate the criminal

· increase of staff between the prosecution and sentencing of repeat offenders within a month








The criticized German Association of Judges that:

• the country's judicial authorities of the countries (SPD or CDU-government)
outside of their election campaigns in the recent years have already carried out a workforce reduction, the fast process is no longer "allow.

in the office by Roland Koch:

· strike of all state subsidies for outpatient measures to reintegrate young offenders by state government of Hesse

· reform of the juvenile penal law in their own state

· federal is in last place in the time to process juvenile cases

· criminologist Christian Pfeiffer designated juvenile detention with relapse rates of 70 percent to be ineffective