Business definitions within different theory offers:
from Berghoff, modern corporate history, S 42-62
neoclassical:
- system with technical indivisibilities: companies transform inputs = factor inputs into outputs = Produktionsausstöße by combining the production factors capital, labor, raw materials and intermediate products - Sales
- The resulting revenues, net of input costs is the profit
- objectives: optimization of factor inputs and profit maximization
Coase:
- lowering the market cost of ownership explains the existence of companies
- replace authority relationships - Contract-based arrangements the market exchange
Alchian / Demsetz:
- shift of interest from the production function to the organization of the company
- input services of workers are monitored by a rights holder = Line instance
- rights: the right to acquire for success, control and enforcement powers; contractual relations with all stakeholders; right to change the team, and sale of the rights of 1-4
- companies are therefore a web of treaties to which surveillance companies more effectively will replace companies competitive with cooperation by transforming external actors in internal
- The internalization is not free = transaction cost in terms of organizational costs for example, principal agent problem
Williamson:
- adoption and continuation of the model of Alchian / Demsetz in relation to the matter when it is cheaper on the market or within an enterprise economy - the question of governance structure
- two variables that also decide: 1 Exchange frequency 2 Asset specificity
- Faktorspezifizität: 1 Standortsp; 2. Sachkapitalspez. 3. Humankapitalsp.
- They decide whether there will be full (market), framework agreements (tripartite structure = intervention of third parties as a control) or relational contracts (bilateral structure is
- internalization is a solution for companies, if both the exchange rate and the specificity are high
Weber
- an organization make like a has powers a control unit of defined, sanctioning funds and authority to create the proper and sustainability
- system of bureaucratic domination: the division of labor, formalization of control, regularity of processes, writing system, management units
- After Berghoff not be the mass of the smaller companies to r use coming
evolutionary economics:
- Enterprise is an organism with behavioral routines that are not generalized or simply transferred
- Deterministic, but at that point, that can be regarded as a pool of specific resources, is I think important as thought - keyword resource-based diversification etc.
Contingency:
- depending on the business activities of internal and external contexts = situational approaches
- Criticism of Berghoff, that it is not only a stimulus- reaction scheme is what companies react, but they are actively shaping
- concept of structuration of Giddens would fall for this, that freedom of action, the various situational or contextual configurations open - there are several options. Structures are enabling and limiting qualities
coalition theory:
- Companies = collective individual actors (Cyert / March) = arena of conflicting goals, pursue the players divergent interests, then that is a coalition of various interest groups
- coalition theory, the design and coordination problems emphasized in companies
- criticism: you have really the power resources of actors mitreflektieren, which really is really banal now
- Here, however, explicitly included external actors, which clearly a strength = stakeholder approach and keyword micropolitics
- The one approach I believe is coming to close
Plumpe top companies in Ambrose:
= organization both social and functional variables, the goods and services take for an anonymous market, through a specific utilitarian social division of labor in the form and function influence on the functional objectives of the company = organized system
- Clumsy sees his own and catfish Kopp's research as a social history of Swiss companies = companies as a Field
- Clumsy sees well the point is that individual companies can not derive from the business concept, but can be explained only descriptive
- approach U-history analysis and interpretation of action and decision making in complex organized U. at varying technical and economic environment
Plumpe VSWG
2004 -
Welskopp, company as a corporation, in Wischermann 2004
- companies that rely on capital utilization through labor exploitation (industrial company) and companies that are based on capital recovery with capital shift
- distinction between capitalism and industrialism, offers the prospect of business as material bodies, social organizations and ökomomische systems that can develop over capital significant life of its own
- capital ratio in the company is such a pressure that, since with inefficiency emigration forces
- access is therefore the analysis of the binding of the capital to companies in its social, technical and economic dimensions
- In companies there is the diversification of property rights of external actors that deal only with the utilization of capital and balance the delivery and retention of capital (institutions)
- thesis production gradually integrate, market and services in the organizational structure of companies as long as dominant for the integrated areas not Weltmakrt but regional covers are
- The idea is very exciting, but body would have to be defined iendeutiger
